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101.
Poor reproductive development in yams (Dioscorea spp.) has often been attributed to the polyploid nature of the crop. In this study, flow cytometry was used to determine
the ploidy level of 53 accessions of Dioscorea alata, mostly from West African countries, Chad and Puerto Rico. Nuclei were isolated from young leaf material and stained with
DAPI(4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole). The nuclear genome size (2C) was measured as an indicator of the ploidy level. Dioscorea rotundata genotypes with known ploidy levels were used as standards. The results showed that the majority of plants were hexaploid
(84.9%) with a smaller percentage of tetraploids (15.1%). A higher number of male plants were hexaploid than tetraploids.
This is at variance with earlier findings, which reported that hexaploid male plants are rare. Higher ploidy levels were not
directly related to sparse or erratic flowering as previously reported as profuse flowering occurred in some male hexaploid
accessions. These findings have important implications for yam breeding in relation to yam genetic resources.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
102.
Comparison of nuclear DNA content of citrus rootstock populations by flow cytometry analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Citrus species are widely grown in the world. Plant characteristics of the rootstock populations used for orange, lemon, mandarin and grapefruit cultivars should be known as well as those of the cultivars that help true‐to‐type nursery plant production. In this study, cell nuclei were isolated from leaf tissues of seedlings of trifoliate orange, sour orange, rough lemon,‘Volkamer’ lemon,‘Cleopatra’ mandarin,‘Hyokan’, ‘Sanbokan’, ‘Kinkoje’, ‘Carrizo’ citrange and ‘Swingle’ citrumelo, and then fluorescence intensities were measured on propidium iodide‐stained nuclei by flow cytometry. Nuclei isolated from the triploid ‘Tahiti’ lime with a known nuclear genome size were used as the internal standard to estimate the nuclear DNA content of Citrus seedling populations in absolute units. Results obtained from cytograms and histograms indicated that all seedlings analyzed were diploid. In addition, differences between the species for nuclear DNA content were also found to be significant. ‘Hyokan’ seedlings had the biggest genome size, 0.984 pg/2C, whereas trifoliate orange seedlings had the smallest genome size, 0.678 pg/2C. Flow cytometry analysis could be used for obtaining accurate and rapid results for cytological observations of seedling populations of Citrus. 相似文献
103.
The height-reducing gene Rht8 was introduced into Italian wheats by breeder Nazareno Strampelli from the Japanese landrace Akakomugi, and has been widely
used in wheats adapted to southern and eastern European conditions. Following identification of a close linkage to Rht8, microsatellite marker Gwm261 has been used extensively to screen large numbers of diverse international germplasm. A 192bp allele at this locus has been
taken as “diagnostic” for Rht8 and used to infer the international distribution of Rht8. In this paper, we report several instances of cultivars and mapping populations that vary for the presence of the 192bp
allele at the Xgwm261 locus (Xgwm261
192
), but with no associated reduction in height, suggesting a lack of association with Rht8. For instance, in the population derived from a cross between Sunco (Rht-B1b, Xgwm261
165
) and Tasman (Rht-D1b, Xgwm261
192
), there were significant height differences associated with the segregation of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b, but no height differences between Xgwm261 genotypes. Similar results were obtained in a population derived from the cross between Molineux (Rht-B1b, Xgwm261
192
) and Trident (Rht-D1b Xgwm261
208
). In contrast, the cross between Trident and Chuanmai 18 (Xgwm261
192
) gave significant height effects at both the Rht-D1 and Xgwm261 loci, with no epistatic interaction between loci. Chuanmai 18 is closely related to the Strampelli wheat Mara (ancestrally
derived from Akakomugi) and is therefore likely to carry Rht8. The old Japanese cultivar Norin 10, used by Norman Borlaug to introduce Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b into Mexican wheats, also has a 192bp allele at the Xgwm261 locus, and the sequence of the amplified product is identical to that of Akakomugi. We suggest that the widespread use of
Norin 10-derived germplasm during and after the Green Revolution introduced a second haplotype into international germplasm,
in which Xgwm261
192
has no association with Rht8. Therefore, the presence of Xgwm261
192
is only indicative of Rht8 in wheat cultivars that have inherited this allele from Akakomugi or a Strampelli wheat ancestor. 相似文献
104.
In this study, the prediction of pine mistletoe distribution in Scots pine ecosystems was explored using remote sensing variables to compare the multilayer perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network (ANN) and logistic regression (LR) model performances. For this purpose, 109 sample plots were distinguished in pure Scots pine forests (natural) in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. Distinguishing mistletoe-infected stands (69) and uninfected stands (40) was performed with field observations. The variables acquired from Landsat 8 (Level 1) images were used as independent variables for independent-sample t-test, MLP ANN and LR models. Remote sensing variables indicated that mistletoe-infected stands were in drier areas with a lower vegetation-leaf area index. Based on the performance results of both models, the sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of the MLP ANN model were superior to those of the LR model. The prediction percentages (SEN, SPE, PPV and NPV) of mistletoe-infected stands were better than the prediction percentages of uninfected stands. The prediction accuracies of LR and MLP ANN models were 74.3% and 89.6%, respectively. However, all remote sensing variables were included in the prediction equation of the MLP ANN model, while the thermal infrared 1 (TIRS1) variable was included in the LR model. In the MLP ANN model, the TIRS1 variable also had the highest normalized importance (100%). The area under the curve (AUC) value for identifying the mistletoe-infected stands of Scots pine forests used by the MLP ANN model (0.892 ± 0.034) was higher than in the LR model (0.838 ± 0.039), explaining the more accurate predictions obtained from the MLP ANN model. The MLP ANN model showed much better performance than the LR model. The results of this study are expected to make important contributions to the identification of potential mistletoe-infected areas. 相似文献
105.
十多年来我国食用菌产量快速增长,食用菌总产量占全球75%以上。2004—2018年,河南食用菌产量、出口量连续居全国第一。河南自然资源、生产成本的优势,以及相关政策和科研创新的推动,形成了河南食用菌出口贸易发展的有利因素;但由于规划缺位、研发力量薄弱、工厂化发展滞后,河南食用菌在国际市场上还存在品种单一、结构单一、市场过于集中的问题。为此,建议突出食用菌产业的战略地位,做好顶层设计,充分利用好“一带一路”的机遇和本省的资源优势,加强食用菌出口供应链管理,加大研发推广和产业升级力度,营造一流发展环境,提升食用菌国际市场品质,将河南食用菌供应链延伸到更多的国家和地区。 相似文献
106.
本文根据灌溉配水渠系的运行特点,提出在一定轮期和来水流量限制条件下实现下级配水渠最优组合及其配水时间最优排序的一种0-1规划模型,实例运算表明,这种方法可有效减少无效弃水和闸门调节次数,同时对渠道横断面的设计有参考意义。 相似文献
107.
108.
试验表明,三道湾水电站原设计存在以下问题:泄洪排沙洞单独全开运行工况下,其进口上方存在贯通性吸气漏斗漩涡;正常溢洪洞进口侧收缩十分严重,泄流量不足,闸后存在水翅、折冲波等不良流态,下游消能效果不佳;针对实际情况,试验通过在泄洪排沙洞进口增设消涡格栅,在正常溢洪洞进口设置椭圆形导墙、延长闸后收缩段,下游采用扩散挑流消能等措施,很好地解决了上述问题。 相似文献
109.
海河二道闸和防潮闸优化调度研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
汛期为腾空海河河道并保证二道闸下咸水不致上溯,二道闸闸下水位应控制在1.0m左右。利用一维非恒定流模型对海河自西河闸至入海口河段进行数值模拟,研究了西河闸分流量为80、100、120m3/s3种情况下,海河防潮闸和二道闸优化调度结果。 相似文献
110.